tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-54877691772031660602024-03-13T20:17:00.126-07:00PEMINDAHAN TANAH MEKANISThe me is treehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12389246946691095878noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5487769177203166060.post-17998277796315682702012-04-19T07:33:00.000-07:002012-04-19T07:33:24.357-07:00pemindahan tanah mekanis<br />
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.
Latar belakang Proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jalan Tol Semarang-Solo</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
adalah </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_tol" title="Jalan tol"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">jalan tol</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di provinsi </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" title="Jawa Tengah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Jawa Tengah</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Indonesia</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jalan Tol
Semarang-Solo menghubungkan kota </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Semarang</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dengan </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Surakarta</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tol ini mulai
dibangun tahun 2009 oleh </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasa_Marga" title="Jasa Marga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Jasa Marga</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dan diperkirakan akan selesai tahun 2012. Panjang jalan tol ini adalah 75,7 km</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Semarang
dan solo </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah salah satu </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">daerah yang berpotensi untuk menjadi kota besar dan
maju,untuk itu perlu jalan tol yang memudahkan akses menuju kota tersebut agar
akses jalan bisa berjalan lancar dan tanpa hambatan.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Akibat dari penataan kota yang belum efektif dan merata ini yang menyebabkan
belum di perhatikannya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> jalan ini</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Hal lain yang menjadi pertimbangan adalah karena solo
dan semarang merupakan kota yang sama sama berkembang dan banyak kerjasama
diantara industrinya. G</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ubernur Jawa Tengah, menyatakan tol
ini akan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi Jawa Tengah. Tol ini juga memiliki
fungsi strategis, salah satunya karena menjadi penghubung Ungaran sebagai
kawasan industri dengan Semarang. Pemerintah Kota </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salatiga" title="Salatiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Salatiga</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
meminta </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpang_susun" title="Simpang susun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">simpang susun</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
(<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">interchange</span>) tol Semarang-Solo
di sekitar pusat kota untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan Salatiga menjadi kota
mati akibat realisasi tol ini.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun ini </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">akan diadakan proyek yang merupakan
penanggulangan / perbaikan / peningkatan sarana prasarana yang sudah ada dengan
perkerasan beton. Manfaat proyek ini adalah agar dapat memberikan kenyamanan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">kepada pengguna jalan yang melintasi jalan
tersebut. Proyek ini diberi nama : <b>“Pembangunan Jalan </b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Tol Trans Jawa</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B.
Tinjauan Umum proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Setelah melihat, memahami dan
mempertimbangkan uraian latar belakang diatas, maka permasalahan yang di tinjau
adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana mempersiapkan
alat berat untuk mendukung pelaksanaannya ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana keseimbangan
antara efisiensi total biaya dan waktu dalam pemilihan tipe alat berat?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana metode<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perhitungan yang mengacu dalam perencanaan
pelaksanaan perhitungan proyek?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C.
Lokasi Proyek</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">No</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seksi</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Panjang</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seksi
1 (Tembalang - Ungaran)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">16.3
km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seksi
2 (Ungaran - Bawen)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">13.33
km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seksi
3 (Bawen - Salatiga)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">18.2
km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seksi
4 (Salatiga - Boyolali)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">22.4
km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seksi
5 (Boyolali - Karanganyar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">11.1
km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">D.
Lingkup pekerjaan proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dalam perencanaan pekerjaan tanah proyek
pembangunan jalan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">tol trans jawa </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">meliputi
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pekerjaan
persiapan :<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengukuran,
Shop Drawing & As Built Drawing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penjilidan
Dokumen Kontrak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuatan
Laporan & Dokumentasi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembuatan
Papan Nama Proyek <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mobilisasi
& Demobilisasi Peralatan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pekerjaan tanah :<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Galian
tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perataan
/ pemadatan tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pekerjaan saluran
:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Galian
tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perletakan
pipa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemadatan
tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">E.
Pelaksanaan proyek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
proyek ini pekerjaan yang kita buat adalah pekerjaan saluran dengan langkah pekerjaan
sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menggali tanah
dengan backhoe</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Meletakan
saluran ke lubang galian</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menimbun kembali
lubang galian yang telah di masukkan saluran<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>dengan wheel loader</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Memadatkan
timbunan tanah dengan menggunakan trench roller</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mengangkut sisa
galian tanah ke tempat lain menggunakan dump truck</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun data – data
pekerjaan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panjang galian tanah<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">15 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">km<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lebar<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>: 0,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tinggi urugan / tinggi
galian : 1 m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jenis tanah urug<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Lempung tanah liat asli
(timbun kembali tanah galian)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berat isi tanah<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: 2700 lb/cuyd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Swell<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>= 22% , load factor = 82%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peralatan : backhoe
caterpillar tipe 225 dengan stick 2440 dan kapasitas bucket 1 m<sup>3</sup>,
wheel loader caterpillar model 930 kapasitas 1,15 m<sup>3</sup> , trench
roller, serta truck <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kondisi manajemen baik
dan kondisi medan kerja baik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jarak yang di tempuh
medan ke tempat pembuangan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7 </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Km</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: center 234.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">F.
Sumber data<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>infrastruktur-jalan-detail.asp.htm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:oval
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<span
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>7 Km<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterangan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -77.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lokasi I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
lokasi proyek penggalian saluran, peletakan pipa, pengurugkan saluran,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pemadatan dan perataan tanah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -77.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lokasi II<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lokasi pembuangan sisa pemadatan tanah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -77.95pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">H. Gambar denah dan Potongan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\chasany\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.jpg"
o:title="xxxx"/>
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<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">LANDASAN TEORI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
pekerjaan bangunan sipil yang besar kadang-kadang dituntut masalah penyelesaian
yang cepat.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
itu perlu mempertimbangkan penggunaan alat-alat berat yang sesuai dengan
kondisi pekerjaan yang bersangkutan.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal
ini tidak dapat dihindari,</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengingat
pemanfaatan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tenaga manusia secara manual
dengan alat-alat konvensional sudah tidak efisien lagi. Pembangunan bangunan
gedung, jembatan , jalan, bendungan dan lain-lain merupakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pekerjaan yang besar yang membutuhkan
alat-alat berat</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dalam
pelaksanaannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pelaksanaan
pekerjaan konstruksi dilapangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>antara
lain meliputi pekerjaan tanah, pekerjaan batu, pekerjaan beton dan pekerjaan
penunjang pekerjaan pokok. Dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan teersebut perlu didukung
disiplin ilmu yang lain diantaranya Geologi, Geodesi, Geoteknik,dan lain-lain,
dan juga perlu fasilitas pendukung untuk mobilisasi alat yang akan digunakan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
proposal ini penyusun mencoba memberikan pengertian dasar mengenai hal-hal yang
berkaitan dengan alat berat , terutama pada pelaksanaan pemindahan tanah.
Beberapa hal akan diuraikan tentang pengenalan sifat-sifat tanah dan juga
pengertian dasar mengenai alat-alat yang digunakan dalam pekerjaan pemindahan
tanah mekanis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SIFAT-SIFAT TANAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
sifat tanah sehubungan dengan pekerjaan pemindahan, penggusuran , dan
pemampatan perlu diketahui,karena tanah yang dikerjakan akan mengalami
perubahan dalam volume dan kepampatannya. Keadaan tanah yang mempengaruhi
volume tanah yang sering dijumpai dalam pekerjaan –pekerjaan tanah meliputi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">keadaan asli (bank)
yaitu keadaan tanah yang dijumpai sebelum tanah terssebut terusik<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. keadaan lepas
(loose) yaitu keadaan tanah setelah mengalami gangguan , baik yang berupa
kegiatan pemotongan , penggalian , dan lain-lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Keadaan padat
(compact) yaitu keadaan tanh setelah diberikan usaha-usaha pemampatan dengan
bermacam cara baik dengan alat maupun dengan ttenaga manusia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGENALAN DASAR ALAT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor
– faktor yang menentukan dalam penggunaan alat berat adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga yang dibutuhkan
(power required)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga yang tersedia
(power available)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga yang dapat
dimanfaatkan (powwer usable)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hubungan antara tenaga yang
dibutuhkan, tenaga yang tersedia , dan tenaga yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah
sangat penting diketahui, karena dapat menentukan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berapa kapasitas alat yang harus dipilih
untuk sesuatu pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Beberapa hal yang mempengaruhi besarnya
tenaga yang dapat dimanfaatkan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dari alat
berat adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketinggian
tempat kerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang dimaksud dengan ketinggian
disini adalah lokasi / tempat bekerjanya alat terhadap permukaan air laut.
Seperti kita ketahui bahwa mesin dari alat yang digunakan kebanyakan dari jenis
internal comstion engins, yang bekerjanya atas dasar pembakakaran campuran zat
asam (oksigen) dari udara dengan bahan bakar. Untuk mendapatkan tenaga maksimal
dalam pembakaran mesin harus dipnuhi syarat-syarat perbandingan yang tepat
antara bahan bakar dan oksigen. Apabila kerapatan udara berkurang , misalnya
karena berada pada tempat yang lebih t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">i</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nggi
, maka jumlah oksigen per satuan volume dalam udara juga berkurang , sehingga
mesin tidak dapat mencapai pembakaran<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>yang sempurna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk mendapatkan pembakaran yang
sempurna , tentu saja bahan bakar dikurang , agar pebandinga oksigen dan bahan
bakar memenuhi persyaratan, tetapi hal ini akan menyebabkan tenaga mesin
berkurang , dan pengertian ini , maka berkurangnya tenaga mesin sebanding
dengan kerapatan udara, sehingga untuk pertimbangan praktis , dianggap bahwa
berkurangnya tenaga mesin berbanding lurus dengan bertambahnya ketinggian
tempat kerja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Praktisnya dapat ditulis menjadi
berkurangnya tenaga esin adalah sebesar 3% dari HP (Horse Power) seluruhnya
untuk tiap penambahan 1000 feet diatas 3000 feet yang pertama , dari atas
permukaan air laut untuk four cycle engines. Untuk two cycle engines berkurang sebesar
1% tiap penambahan ketinggian 1000 feet.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Temperatur<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Apabia suhu udara naik , udara
mengembang , hal ini akan mengurangi kandungan oksigen per satuan volume udara,
sehingga akan mengurangi tenaga mesin. Pengaruh berkurangnya tenaga pada mesin
akibat temperatur ini adalah , tenaga mesin berkurang sebesar 1% untuk tiap
suhu udara naik 10% untuk tiap suhu udara naik 10<sup>0</sup> F di atas
temperatur standar 85<sup>0</sup>F , atau tenaga mesin akan bertambahan 1% bila
suhu udara turun 10% F dibawah temperatur standar 85<sup>0</sup> F.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Koefisien
Traksi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tenaga mesin alat hanya dapat
dijadikan tenaga traksi yang maksimal apabila ada gesekan yang cukup antara
permukaan ban / roda dengan permukaan tanah tempat alat tersebut bekerja .
Apabila gesekan antara tanah dengan roda / ban kurang, maka tenaga berlebih
yang dilimpahkan kepada roda hanya akar menyebabkan selip.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Koefisien traksi adalah besarnya
tenag tank yang menyebabkan selip diagi dengan berat kendaraan keseluruhan
(untuk crawler/ roda rantai) atau besarnya tenaga tarik yang menyebabkan selip
dibagi dengan berat kendaran yang terlmpah pada roda geraknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tahanan
Gellinding (Rolling araesistance = RR)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Rolling resistance yaitu tenaga
tarik yang diperlukan untuk menggerakan tiap ton berat kendaraan termasuk
muatannya di atas ermukaan yang datar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Untuk kendaraan beroda ban rolling
resistance dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor ukuran ban , tekanan angin, dan
bentuk kembang dari permukaan ban. Sementara itu untuk kendaraan beroda rantai
rolling resistance biasanya tergantung dari sifat permukaan tanah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
menentukan besarnya rolling rresistance secara pas akan sangatlah sulit . Oleh
sebab itu perlu digunakan percobaan seederhana menarik kendaraan dengan
menggunakan tali penari yang dilengkapi alat pengukur tegangan . Tegangan tali
penarik<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(kilogram / lbs) dibagi dengan
berat total kendaraan dan muatan (ton) adalah besarnya rolling resistance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landai
permukaan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika
sebuah kendaraan melalui jalan yang menanjak , tenaga traksi yang diperlukan
oleh kendaraan akan naik pula, kira – kira akan sebanding dengan tanjakan jalan
yang dilalui . Demikian juga bila turun , tenaga yang diperlukan berkurang
dengan nilai yang sama seperti jalan menanjak. Landai jalan dinyatakan dalam
persen (%) , ialah perbandingan antara perubahan ketinggian per satuan panjang
jalan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penambahan
dan pengurangan tenaga traksi akibat adanya tanjakan atau turunan dapat
dikatakan berbanding lurus dengan % naik turunnya landai jalan tersebut.
Meskipun keadaan sebenarnya tidak dapat demikian , namun secar praktis pernyataan
tersebut dapat digunakan secara praktis , karena hasilnya tidak begitu jauh
dengan kenyataan. Misalnya sebuah kendaraan dengan berat 1000 kg melewati jalan
naik dengan landai 5% , maka tambahan tenaga traksi yng diperlukan = 5% x 1000
= 50 kg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara
mudah pengaruh landai (grade) ini adalah sebesar 10 kg atau 20 lbs per ton
berat kendaraan setiap % grade ,. Dalam hitungan – hitungan kebutuha tenaga
traksi kta bedakan antara tanjakan atau turunan sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Grade Resistance adalah
tanjakan yang mengakibatkan bertambahnya tenaga traksi yang diperlukan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Grade resistance adalah
turunan yang mengakiatkan berkurangnya tenaga traksi yang diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga
Roda (Rimpull)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga
roda adalah tenaga gerak yang dapat disediakan oleh mesin kepada roda-roda gedrak
suatu kendaraan yang dinyatakan dalam kilogram atau lbs<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga
Tarik (Drawbar Pull = DBP)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tenaga
tersedia pada traktor / kendaraan yang dapat dihitung untuk menarik muatan
disebut tenaga tarik traktor (drawbar pull) ialah tenaga yang terdapat pada
gantol (hook) belakang traktor tersebut, yang dinyatakan dalam kilogram atau
lbs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari
tenaga mesin secara keseluruhan setelah dikurangi untuk mengatasi gesekan –
gesekan mekanisme traktor ,untuk tenaga menggerakan kendaraannya sendiri dan
lain pengaruh yang mengurangi daya guna mesin maka sisa dihitung sebagai DBP. DBP
ini besarnya bergantung juga pada gear selection untk masing-masing gigi
dinyatakan masing-masing DBP nya untuk kecepatan maksimal pada tersebut , pada
putaran mesin tertentu (rated RPM)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemampuan
Mendaki Tanjakan (gradability)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemampuan
mendaki tanjakan ini adalah landai maksimal yang dapat ditempuh oleh sebuah
traktor atau kendaraan yang dinyatakan dalam % landai. Kemampuan ini berbeda
pada masing-masing keadaan traktor / kendaraan yang kosong atau yang isi muatan
tau dalam keadaan menarik muatan atau kecepatan pada gigi yang dipilih dan
sebagainya. Gerakan maju traktor sebagai alat penarik (prime mover) dibatasi
oleh :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daya tarik (DBP atau
Rimpull) yang disediakan oleh mesin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rolling resistance pada
permukaan jalan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berat total dengan
muatan dan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landai permukaan jalan
yang dilalui.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
crawler tracktor kemampuan mendaki dihitung berdasarkan sisa dari DBP
seluruhnya dkurangi dengan DBP yang dibutuhkan untuk menaggulangi rolling
resistance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengaruh
Lain<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
hal perlu juga dipertimbangkan dalam menghitung produksi alat yang digunakan
antara lain sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Waktu yang dibutuhkan
untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Material yang
dikerjakan , berat volume , jenis tanah kohesif , lekatannya besar , sehingga
perlu dipilih alat yang sesuai , demikian juga untuk tanah kepasiran (lepas) .
Faktor besar kecilnya kembang susut tanah perlu juga untuk diketahui untuk
menghitung efisiensi pnggunaan alat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Efisiensi kerja ,
disini dipertimbangkan efisiensi kerja untuk siang atau malam akan berbeda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.15pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Traktor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerja efektif
(menit /jam)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Efisiensi kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.15pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerja siang :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Crawler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wheel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.15pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kerja malam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Crawler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Whwll<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.7pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 4.0cm;" valign="top" width="151">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0,67<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kemampuan operator,
jika operator mampu dan berpengalaman , akan diperoleh hasil yang optimal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">keadaan medan yang baik
akan mempengaruhi produksi kerja , sebaliknya bila medan jelek ,berdebu ,
berkabut dan tidak rata / datar akan mengurangi produksi kerja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kondisi alat yang
digunakan , jika alat masih baik , terpelihara akan sangat membantu
meningkatkan produksi , sebaliknya bila kondisi alat sudah tua , sering macet
/<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rusak akan sangat mengganggu
kelancaran pekerjaan dan produksi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PEKERJAAN PEMINDAHAN
TANAH MEKANIK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Salah satu pekerjaan yang
membutuhkan perhatian dan penanganan khusus pada proyek pembangunan jalan
adalah pekerjaan tanah karena pekerjaan ini <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membutuhkan banyak alat
berat untuk mendukung pelaksanaannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemilihan tipe alat
berat harus mempertimbangkan aspek efisiensi biaya, waktu, pemakaian lahan,
serta keseimbangan produksi alat satu dengan alat yang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Digunakan metode
perhitungan yang mengacu pada Pedoman Pokok Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan dengan
Menggunakan Peralatan yang dikeluarkan oleh Departemen Pekerjaan Umum dan
Tenaga Listrik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 318.75pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ALAT YANG DIGUNAKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buldozer<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Buldozer merupakan alat yang
menggunakan traktor sebagai penggerak utama. Disebut buldozer karena traktor
ini dilengkapi dengan dozer attachment, dalam hal ini attachmentnya adalah
blade. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Buldozer merupakan salah
satu jenis dozer untuk mendorong lurus kedepan , selain ada juga dozer yang
dapat mendorong kesamping (biasanya sudut sorongnya 25<sup>0</sup>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
pelaksanaan pekerjaan konstruksi ,terutama jalan raya ,landasan pesawat terbang
dan sebagainya, buldozer bersifat serbaguna dan dapat melakukan tugas-tugas
seperti berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembersihan lapangan
pekerjaan dan pepohonan , kayu-kayu dan bonggol-bonggolnya , puing-puing bekas
bangunan dan sebagainya, pekerjaan ini sering disebut clearing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembukaan jalan –jalan
kerja darurat menuju ketempat lokasi pekerjaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembukan atau
penggusuran tanah dalam jarak dekat (100 m)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendorong scraper pada
waktu memuat (push)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meratakan timbunan
tanah pada daerah fiil, mengisi kembali galian atau spreading dan sebagainya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memelihara jalan
kerja,jalan anngkut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyiapkan bahan-bahan
dari quarry atau tempat pengambilan material<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengupas tanah bagian
atas yang jelek atau stripping<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meratakan permukaan
atau menghaluskan permukaan bidang rata (finishing)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
pemadat (roller)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk pekerjaan –pekerjaan landasan
pesawat terbang ,jalan raya , tanggul-tanggul, stabilitas tanah mutlak
diperlukan. Berbagai cara dilakukan dalam usaha pemampatan tanah secara mekanis
yaitu dengan cara penggilasan dengan menggunakan roller (penggilas).
Klasifikasi roller banyak dikenal antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasar cara
bergeraknya , ada yang bergerak sendiri (self propelled) dan ada yang ditarik
traktor (towed)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan bahan
roda-roda penggilasnya , ada yang tterbuat dari baja (steel whell) dan ada yang
terbuat dari karet (pneumatic)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilihat dari bentuk
permukaan roda, ada yang bentuk permukaannya halus (plain), segment, grid ,
sheepfoot (kaki domba) dan lain-lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilihat dari susunan
roda-roda gilas, ada yang beroda tiga (three whell) , tandem roller (roda dua)
dan three axle tandem roller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat penggilas khusus
,misalnya vibrating roller bekerjanya menggunakan getaran sebagai unsur utaa
dalam usaha pemampatan tanah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pemampatan adalah usaha mengurangi
rongga – rongga udara dan air yang semula ada diantara butir-butir .
Pengurangan atau pembatasan rongga- rngga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>udara dibatasi pada proporsi dan syarat-syarat yang dotentukan dalam
percobaan- percobaan laboraturium tanah .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
penggali , pemuat , dan penebar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Power
shovel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dengan memberikanshovel attachment
pada excavator, maka didapatkan alat yang disebut dengan power shovel. Alat ini
baik untuk pekerjaan menggali tanah tanpa bantuan alat lain, dan sekaligus
memuatkan ke dalam truk atau alat angkut lainnya. Alat ini juga dapat ini untuk
membuat timbunan bahan persediaan (stock pilling).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada umumnya power shovel ini
dipasang diatas crawler mounted, karena diperoleh keuntungan yang besar antara
lain stabilitas dan kemampuan floatingnya. Power shovel dilapangan digunakan
terutama untuk menggali tebing yang letaknya lebih tinggi dari tempat kedudukan
alat . Macam shovel dibedakan dalam dua hal, ialah shovel dengan kendali
kabel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(cable controlled), dan shovel
dengan kendali hidrolis (hydraulic controlled)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
pengangkut<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Truk adalah alat yang khusus
digunakan sebagai alat angkut karena kemampuannya , misalnya dapat bergerak
cepat , kapasitas besar dan biaya oprasinya relatif murah. Alasan lain
penggunaan truk sebagai alat angkut ialah karena kebutuhan truk mudah diatur
dengan produksi alat-alat gali, sehingga truk sangat luwes dalam
pengorganisasian dengan alat-alat yang lain. Hal ini sangat bermanfaat bagi
penghematan biaya oprasi pelaksanaan proyek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Salah satu syarat yang perlu
dipenuhi agar truk dapat digunakan dengan baik dan efektif adalah adanya jalan
angkut yang rata dan cukup kuat atau keras . Khusu untuk jlan angkut yang
kurang baik dapat digunakan truk yang disebut dengan cross country ability yang
harga dan biaya oprasinya lebih tinggi dan pada truk biasa. Beberapa hal yang
membedakan macam truk adalah : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ukuran dan bahan bakar
yang digunakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Banyaknya gigi
perseneling (gear)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Banyaknya roda gerak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Susunan roda – roda dan
banyaknya sumbu (gandar)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemampuan angkut ,
dalam ton atau m<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cara membuang muatan ,
misalnya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rear dump , side dump , dan
bottom dump<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk pekerjaaan konstruksi sipil
umumnya digunakan truk yang dapat membuang muatan dari bak secara otomatis .
Truk semacam ini disebut dengan dump truk atau tipping truk. Penumpahan muatan
(dumping) dilakukan dengan cara hidrolis yang menyebabkan bak terangkat pada
satu sisi , sedang sisi lain yang berhadapan berputar sebagai engsel. Dengan
memebedakan arah muatan ditumpahkan dump truk dibedakan dalam 3 macam ialah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rear dump truk yang
membuang uatan kebelakang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Side dump truk yang
membuang muatan kesamping<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bottom dump truk yang
membuang muatan melalui bawah bak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>The me is treehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12389246946691095878noreply@blogger.com0